Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD): A Genetic Kidney Disorder

Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD) is a genetic kidney disorder in which multiple cysts (fluid-filled sacs) develop in the kidneys. Over time, these cysts grow larger and reduce the kidneys' normal functioning ability. This disease can be one of the leading causes of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) and kidney failure.

Causes of PKD

PKD is usually caused by genetic (hereditary) factors. It can be of two types:

Autosomal Dominant PKD (ADPKD): This is the most common form and is primarily seen in adults.
Autosomal Recessive PKD (ARPKD): Although rare, this form occurs in children and can be severe.

Key Symptoms

• There may be no symptoms in some cases
• High blood pressure, especially at a young age
• Pain or a feeling of heaviness in the abdomen or sides
• Blood in the urine
• Frequent urinary tract infections (UTIs) or recurrent infections in the urinary system

Prevention and Treatment

• If detected early, medications can help manage the condition.
• Controlling blood pressure – High blood pressure increases kidney damage.
• Drinking adequate water – Helps maintain proper kidney function.
• Healthy diet– Reduce intake of salt, protein, and fat; eat nutritious foods.
• Avoid smoking and alcohol – These increase the risk of kidney damage
• Regular medical consultation – Monitoring kidney function is essential.
• In case of kidney failure due to PKD, kidney transplantation is the best treatment option

There is no specific cure for PKD, but its complications can be managed through proper lifestyle and medical care. If diagnosed at an early stage, kidney failure can often be prevented.

It is also important for other family members to get tested, as PKD can be inherited.

Author

Dr. Tabassum Samad

Consultant

Nephrology (Kidney) Department

Evercare Hospital Dhaka