Head and Neck Cancer: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment

Head and neck cancer is a serious type of cancer that occurs in various parts of the head and neck. It commonly affects the oral cavity, throat, larynx, nose, and thyroid gland. Globally, it is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths.

Causes of Cancer:

The main causes of head and neck cancer include—

• Use of tobacco products (smoking and chewing betel leaf with jorda)
• Excessive alcohol consumption
• Infection with Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
• Prolonged exposure to sunlight (especially in the case of lip cancer)
• Chronic infections and unhealthy eating habits

Symptoms:

Symptoms of head and neck cancer can be difficult to detect in the early stages. However, some common signs include—

• Persistent sore throat
• Difficulty swallowing
• Sores or swelling in the mouth or throat
• Changes in voice or hoarseness
• Pain in one side of the ear or head
• Unexplained weight loss

Treatment and Prevention:

If detected at an early stage, head and neck cancer is relatively easier to treat. The main treatment include radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and surgery. However, awareness and prevention are the key ways to avoid this type of cancer. Quitting smoking and alcohol, maintaining a healthy diet, and undergoing regular health check-ups are essential.

Although head and neck cancer can be life-threatening, it can be controlled through awareness and early treatment. Therefore, if symptoms appear, it is important to consult a doctor without delay.

Author

Dr. Arman Reza Chowdhury

Senior Consultant

Radiation Oncology

Evercare Hospital Dhaka