Breast Cancer Awareness: Early Detection Saves Lives

Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers affecting women worldwide, though men can also develop it, albeit rarely. It begins when cells in the breast grow abnormally and uncontrollably, forming a lump or tumor. These abnormal cells can invade nearby tissues or spread to other parts of the body through the blood or lymphatic system. Early detection and treatment are critical to improving survival rates.

Causes and Risk Factors

The exact cause of breast cancer is not always clear, but several risk factors increase the likelihood of developing the disease. Age is a significant factor, with older adults at higher risk. A family history of breast or ovarian cancer and inherited genetic mutations, such as BRCA1 and BRCA2, also elevate the risk. Hormonal factors, including early menstruation, late menopause, or hormone replacement therapy after menopause, can contribute. Lifestyle factors such as obesity, lack of physical activity, and alcohol consumption may further increase susceptibility.

Symptoms to Watch For

Recognizing early signs of breast cancer can save lives. Common symptoms include a lump or thickening in the breast or underarm, changes in breast size or shape, dimpling or puckering of the skin, nipple discharge (especially if bloody), redness or swelling, and nipple inversion. Any persistent changes should prompt medical evaluation without delay.

Detection and Screening

Early detection is the key to effective treatment. Women are encouraged to perform regular breast self-examinations and attend clinical breast exams. Mammograms, an X-ray of the breast, are vital for screening, particularly for women over 40 or those with higher risk factors. In some cases, ultrasound or MRI may be recommended to evaluate suspicious areas more clearly.

Treatment and Prognosis

Breast cancer treatment depends on the type, stage, and individual patient factors. Common treatments include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, and targeted therapies. When diagnosed early, breast cancer is often curable, and patients can lead healthy lives post-treatment. Advanced cases can be managed to control the disease, relieve symptoms, and improve quality of life.

Awareness, early detection, and timely treatment are the most effective tools against breast cancer. Regular screenings, a healthy lifestyle, and paying attention to changes in the breast can significantly reduce the impact of this disease and save lives.

Author:

Dr. Biswajit Bhattacharjee

Senior Consultant & Coordinator

Radiation Oncology

Evercare Hospital Dhaka