Diabetic Foot Care: Protecting Your Feet from Serious Complications

People living with diabetes need to pay special attention to their feet. High blood sugar levels can lead to poor circulation and nerve damage, increasing the risk of foot injuries, infections, and even ulcers that may become difficult to heal. Proper foot care plays a crucial role in preventing severe complications and maintaining mobility and quality of life.

Why Diabetes Affects the Feet

When blood sugar remains high over time, it damages blood vessels and nerves, especially in the legs and feet. This condition is known as diabetic neuropathy. It can cause numbness, tingling, or a loss of sensation in the feet, meaning small cuts or blisters may go unnoticed. At the same time, reduced blood flow makes it harder for wounds to heal, increasing the chance of infection and, in severe cases, leading to gangrene or amputation.

Common Foot Problems in Diabetic Patients

People with diabetes are more likely to experience:

• Foot ulcers: Open sores that may form due to friction, pressure, or unnoticed injuries.
• Infections: Even small cuts can get infected easily due to poor healing.
• Calluses and corns: Caused by uneven pressure or ill-fitting shoes.
• Cracked skin: Can become a gateway for bacterial infections.

Early detection and proper care can help prevent these problems from becoming serious.

Essential Foot Care Tips for Diabetic Patients

Check Your Feet Daily:

Examine your feet every day for blisters, cuts, redness, swelling, or color changes. Use a mirror or ask a family member to help if you have trouble seeing the soles.

Wash and Dry Carefully:

Wash your feet daily with mild soap and warm (not hot) water. Dry thoroughly, especially between the toes, to prevent fungal infections.

Moisturize Regularly:

Apply lotion to keep the skin soft and prevent dryness or cracking. Avoid applying cream between the toes, as excess moisture can cause fungal growth.

Trim Nails Properly:

Cut your toenails straight across and smooth the edges with a file. Avoid cutting too short or into the corners, which may cause ingrown nails.

Wear Proper Footwear:

Choose comfortable, well-fitting shoes that protect your feet. Avoid tight or high-heeled shoes. Always wear socks made of cotton or moisture-wicking fabric to keep your feet dry.

Never Walk Barefoot:

Even at home, wear slippers or shoes to avoid cuts, burns, or puncture wounds.

Control Your Blood Sugar:

Keeping your blood sugar in the target range helps prevent nerve damage and improves circulation, reducing the risk of foot problems.

Get Regular Foot Check-Ups:

Visit a doctor or podiatrist at least once a year — or more often if you notice any sores, numbness, or color changes.

When to See a Doctor

If you notice any swelling, persistent pain, wounds that don’t heal, or a change in skin color or temperature, seek medical attention immediately. Delaying treatment can make minor problems worse.

Diabetic foot care is an essential part of managing diabetes. By taking simple preventive steps, checking your feet daily, and maintaining good blood sugar control, you can avoid serious complications and stay active and healthy for years to come. Remember — healthy feet mean a healthier life.

Author

Dr. Nazmul Islam

Senior Consultant

Diabetology & Endocrinology

Evercare Hospital Dhaka.