Early Detection and Prevention of Dengue in Children

In Bangladesh, dengue fever becomes prevalent during the monsoon season and the period that follows. Dengue is a viral disease transmitted through the bite of the Aedes mosquito. When children contract dengue, it can often develop into a more severe condition. Therefore, it is crucial for parents to be vigilant, cautious, and ensure timely medical intervention.

Causes and Spread of Dengue:

The dengue virus exists in four main types (DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3, DENV-4). When a person gets infected once, subsequent infections by different types of the virus can complicate the situation further. Aedes mosquitoes, which are most active during the day, especially in the morning and late afternoon, breed in clean water—such as in flower pots, tubs, discarded tires, water tanks, or stagnant rainwater.

Symptoms in Children:

Children may not always be able to express their symptoms clearly, making it difficult to identify dengue. If any of the following symptoms appear, dengue should be considered as a possibility:

• Fever of 101°F (38.3°C) or higher

• Pain in the head or behind the eyes

• Muscle and bone pain

• Nausea or vomiting

• Loss of appetite

• Loose motion

• Skin rash or red spots

• Unusual fatigue or lethargy

• Joint pain or swelling

• Bleeding from gums or nose (in severe cases)

Risks and Complications:

Dengue can progress rapidly in children, with a higher risk of complications like hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome. These conditions can cause a drop in blood pressure, internal bleeding, and may require hospitalization.

Treatment:

There is no specific antiviral treatment for dengue. The treatment is usually symptomatic, based on the severity of the symptoms. Ensuring adequate hydration and rest is crucial to prevent dehydration. Paracetamol can be used to manage fever, but aspirin and ibuprofen should be avoided.

Prevention and Awareness:

• Eliminate Aedes mosquito breeding sites by removing standing water.

• Protect children from mosquito bites during the day by dressing them in long sleeves, using mosquito nets, and applying mosquito repellent creams.

• Ensure there is no standing water in and around the house.

• Clean water containers at least once a week.

• Implement mosquito prevention measures in schools and playgrounds.

Dengue poses a serious health risk to children. Therefore, prevention and early detection of symptoms can be one of the most effective ways to protect a child’s life. Parents should stay alert to any changes in their child’s health and seek immediate medical advice if necessary.

Author:

Dr. Nusrat Farooq

Senior Consultant

Pediatrics & Neonatology

Neonatal Intensivist 

Fellow in Neonatology (Singapore)

Evercare Hospital Dhaka