Pneumonia Symptoms: Early Signs You Shouldn’t Ignore

Pneumonia is a serious lung infection that can affect anyone, from infants to the elderly. It occurs when the air sacs (alveoli) in one or both lungs become inflamed and fill with fluid or pus, making it difficult to breathe. Early detection and treatment are vital, as untreated pneumonia can lead to severe complications or even become life-threatening.

What Causes Pneumonia?

Pneumonia can be caused by various infectious agents — bacteria, viruses, or fungi. The most common cause is bacterial pneumonia, often due to Streptococcus pneumoniae. Viral pneumonia is typically caused by influenza (flu) or respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). It can also develop after a cold or flu when the immune system is weakened. People with chronic illnesses, weak immunity, or who smoke are more vulnerable.

Common Symptoms of Pneumonia

Persistent Cough:

One of the first and most common symptoms is a persistent cough that may produce thick mucus or phlegm. The mucus can be yellow, green, or even tinged with blood, depending on the infection.

High Fever and Chills:

Pneumonia often causes a sudden high fever, sometimes reaching 102°F (39°C) or more, accompanied by chills and sweating.

Chest Pain:

Sharp or stabbing chest pain occurs, especially when taking deep breaths or coughing. This happens due to inflammation of the lung lining.

Shortness of Breath:

Because the lungs are filled with fluid, patients often struggle to breathe deeply. Even simple activities like walking or climbing stairs can cause breathlessness.

Fatigue and Weakness:

The infection can drain your body’s energy, making you feel tired, weak, and unable to perform daily activities.

Rapid or Shallow Breathing:

The body tries to compensate for low oxygen levels by increasing the breathing rate, which can make breathing feel fast or shallow.

Bluish Lips or Fingertips:

Severe cases may cause oxygen levels to drop, leading to a bluish tint on the lips or nails — a sign that urgent medical attention is needed.

Nausea, Vomiting, or Loss of Appetite:

These are more common in children or elderly patients but can occur in anyone with pneumonia.

Confusion (Especially in Older Adults):

In elderly people, pneumonia may cause confusion or sudden changes in mental awareness instead of the typical fever or cough.

When to See a Doctor

Seek medical help immediately if you experience severe shortness of breath, persistent fever, chest pain, or confusion. Delaying treatment can cause the infection to spread or lead to respiratory failure. Children, older adults, and people with weakened immune systems should be extra cautious.

Pneumonia is a preventable and treatable condition if detected early. Vaccination, maintaining good hygiene, avoiding smoking, and strengthening your immune system through proper nutrition and rest can help reduce the risk. Recognizing symptoms early and seeking timely medical care can save lives — yours or your loved ones’.

Author

Dr. SM Abdullah Al Mamun

Senior Consultant & Coordinator

Respiratory Medicine

Evercare Hospital Dhaka.