Rising Measles Cases in Bangladesh: Urgent Measures Needed for Prevention

In 2026, Bangladesh has experienced a severe outbreak of measles. Analysis of available data shows that since the beginning of the year, the number of reported cases has surpassed several thousand, with the majority affecting children under the age of five. Higher infection rates have been observed in Dhaka, as well as in Chattogram, Sylhet, and various districts in the northern region. By March alone, several hundred children had been hospitalized. So far, the reported death toll stands at 94, and the number of suspected cases has reached approximately 5,800. There are concerns that this number may continue to rise.

A person infected with measles can transmit the disease to up to 18 others. Clinical findings suggest that measles typically presents with a high-grade fever ranging from 102°F to 104°F, accompanied by cough, coryza, conjunctivitis, and the presence of Koplik spots inside the oral cavity. Within three to five days, a characteristic maculopapular rash develops and spreads across the body. A critical concern is the high rate of complications among hospitalized children, including pneumonia, diarrhea, and, in severe cases, encephalitis. Malnourished children are particularly vulnerable, facing a significantly higher risk of complications and mortality.

The primary reason behind the increasing spread of measles is the gap in vaccination coverage. Although the Directorate General of Health Services had set a target to bring over 95% of children under vaccination, in reality, this rate has dropped below 80% in many areas. In particular, routine immunization programs were disrupted during the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, limitations in vaccine supply, restricted access to healthcare in urban slums and remote areas, and misconceptions about vaccination have created a significant “immunity gap.” As a result, the virus is finding a favorable environment to spread rapidly.

Measles vaccination remains a highly effective and scientifically validated preventive measure, with a complete two-dose regimen providing up to 97% protection. However, many children have recently missed scheduled doses. Nationwide measles vaccination campaigns, typically conducted every four years, were last implemented in 2020, and the planned 2024 campaign could not be carried out due to prevailing challenges. Furthermore, disruptions in Vitamin A supplementation and deworming programs have adversely impacted child nutrition and immunity, potentially exacerbating susceptibility to infection. In this context, it is imperative to urgently reinstate vaccination initiatives, particularly through targeted catch-up campaigns to ensure coverage of missed children.

Enhancing public awareness is equally critical. A prevailing misconception among many caregivers is that measles is a mild, self-limiting illness. This perception is both inaccurate and potentially dangerous. Measles is a highly contagious disease that can lead to severe complications and death if not properly managed. Therefore, it is essential to ensure timely immunization, isolate infected individuals to prevent further transmission, maintain adequate nutritional support, and seek prompt medical care upon the onset of symptoms.

To effectively control the current situation, it is crucial to restore vaccination coverage to at least 95%, prioritize high-risk areas, and implement coordinated, multi-level interventions across the healthcare system.

Author:

Dr. Fahmida Zabeen

Senior Consultant

Pediatrics & Neonatology

Evercare Hospital Dhaka