Thalassemia: A Genetic Blood Disorder

Thalassemia is an inherited blood disorder that primarily occurs due to problems in the production of hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is a crucial component of red blood cells, responsible for carrying oxygen throughout the body. In thalassemia, normal hemoglobin production is disrupted, leading to anemia or a deficiency of red blood cells.

Cause of Thalassemia

Thalassemia is a genetic disorder that is passed from parents to their children. If a person is a carrier of thalassemia, they usually do not show serious symptoms. However, if both parents are carriers, there is a possibility that their child may inherit thalassemia major.

Symptoms of Thalassemia

• Extreme fatigue and weakness
• Pale or yellowish skin
• Loss of appetite and weight loss
• Stunted physical growth
• Abnormal bone structure

Treatment and Prevention

The primary treatment for thalassemia major is regular blood transfusions and iron chelation therapy, which prevents the buildup of excess iron in the body. In some cases, a bone marrow transplant can be effective.

The most effective way to prevent this disease is through genetic counseling. Carrier screening for thalassemia should be done before marriage to protect future generations from the disease.

Thalassemia is a serious but preventable disease. By increasing awareness and conducting early testing, the impact of this disorder can be minimized. Therefore, everyone should be aware of thalassemia and undergo the necessary health screenings.

Author:

Dr. Abu Jafar Mohammed Saleh

Senior Consultant & Coordinator

Haematology & Stem Cell Transplant

Evercare Hospital Dhaka