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Understanding Rheumatoid Arthritis: Causes, Symptoms, and Modern Treatments
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease where the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks the joints. Unlike common “wear and tear” arthritis, RA causes inflammation of the joint lining, leading to swelling, pain, stiffness, and, if left untreated, permanent joint damage. It most often affects the small joints of the hands and feet but can also involve larger joints and, in some cases, internal organs such as the lungs, heart, and eyes.
The disease typically begins between the ages of 30 and 60, and women are affected more than men. Early symptoms include morning stiffness lasting more than 30 minutes, swelling in multiple joints, fatigue, and unexplained fever. Because the disease can progress silently, early recognition and consultation with a rheumatologist are critical.
Modern treatments have significantly improved the outlook for patients. Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), including biologics, can control inflammation, prevent damage, and help patients live a normal life. Alongside medicines, physiotherapy, exercise, and lifestyle measures such as quitting smoking and maintaining a healthy weight are important in disease management.
Living with RA can be challenging, but early diagnosis and proper treatment allow most patients to stay active and productive. Awareness is key—if you or someone you know experiences persistent joint pain and stiffness, don’t ignore the signs. Timely medical advice can make all the difference.
Author:
MD (Rheumatology), MRCP (UK), FCPS (Medicine), FRCP (Edin),
FACR fellow (America), APLAR Fellow (Japan), EULAR Certified (Rheumatology)
Consultant- Rheumatology
Evercare Hospital Dhaka