Understanding Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)

The kidneys play a vital role in filtering waste and excess fluid from the blood while helping to regulate blood pressure. When the kidneys suddenly lose their ability to function properly, the condition is known as Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) or Acute Renal Failure. AKI can develop within hours or days and requires prompt medical attention.

Causes of Acute Kidney Injury

Acute Kidney Injury can occur for several reasons, generally classified into three major types:

1. Pre-renal causes: Reduced blood flow to the kidneys due to dehydration, severe blood loss, or heart failure.
2. Intrarenal causes: Damage within the kidneys caused by infections, autoimmune diseases, or certain medications.
3. Post-renal causes: Obstruction in the urinary tract due to kidney stones, bladder cancer, or enlarged prostate.

Common Symptoms

The symptoms of AKI vary depending on the cause and severity. Common signs include:

• Decreased or no urine output
• Swelling in the legs, ankles, or face
• Weakness or fatigue
• Nausea or discomfort
• Shortness of breath
• Confusion or disorientation

Diagnosis

To diagnose Acute Kidney Injury, your doctor may conduct a combination of physical examinations and medical tests such as:

• Blood tests: To measure creatinine, urea, and electrolyte levels.
• Urine tests: To detect abnormalities in urine composition.
• Imaging tests: Such as ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI to check for blockages or structural issues in the kidneys and urinary tract.

Treatment and Management

The treatment for AKI depends on the underlying cause. The main goal is to treat the root cause and restore normal kidney function. Treatment options may include:

1. Fluid management: Balancing fluid intake to prevent dehydration or fluid overload.
2. Medications: Managing blood pressure, infections, or inflammation.
3. Dialysis: Used when the kidneys are unable to remove waste and excess fluid from the blood.

Possible Complications

If left untreated, Acute Kidney Injury can lead to serious complications, such as:

• Heart disease
• Fluid accumulation in the lungs
• Infections
• Nutritional deficiencies
• Brain dysfunction

Prevention

While not all cases of AKI can be prevented, certain measures can reduce the risk:

• Stay hydrated and drink adequate fluids.
• Keep blood pressure under control.
• Manage chronic diseases like diabetes and hypertension.
• Be aware of potential side effects of medications.
• Schedule regular medical checkups for kidney health.

When to Seek Medical Help

Acute Kidney Injury is a serious condition that requires immediate medical care. If you notice symptoms such as reduced urine output, swelling, or persistent fatigue, consult a Nephrologist at Evercare Hospital Chattogram immediately.

With early diagnosis and expert management, most cases of AKI can be effectively treated, helping to restore kidney function and improve overall health.

Disclaimer:
This information is intended for educational purposes only and should not replace medical consultation. Always seek professional advice from your doctor for diagnosis and treatment.