Allergies & Anaphylaxis: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment

Understanding Allergies and Anaphylaxis
Allergies occur when the body reacts excessively to certain substances called allergens. Reactions are usually mild, such as itching or nasal congestion, but sometimes they can be severe, leading to life-threatening anaphylaxis.

Common Allergens

• Food: Nuts, seafood, eggs, wheat, soy, etc.

• Medications: Penicillin, aspirin, and others

• Pollen: From trees, grass, weeds

• Insect Venom: Bee, hornet, mosquito stings

• Latex: Gloves, balloons, and other products

• Dust Particles: Household dust, animal dander

Anaphylaxis
Anaphylaxis is a rapid, severe allergic reaction affecting multiple organs. It is a medical emergency.

Symptoms of Anaphylaxis
Symptoms appear within minutes to hours after exposure:

• Skin reactions: itching, hives, swelling of lips

• Respiratory difficulty: wheezing, shortness of breath

• Cardiovascular issues: low blood pressure, rapid heartbeat

• Gastrointestinal symptoms: nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain

• Loss of consciousness

Emergency Management
Immediate action is crucial:

• Epinephrine Injection: The first-line treatment. Keep an auto-injector if you have a history of anaphylaxis.

• Call 999: Arrange for ambulance transport to the hospital.

• Avoid Allergen: Remove contact with the triggering substance.

• Lie Down: Elevate the legs.

• Assist Breathing: Help the person breathe if they are struggling.

Prevention

• Avoid known allergens whenever possible

• Test breast milk for infants if needed

• Take allergy medications as prescribed by a doctor

• Immunotherapy may help in certain cases

Important Reminder
Anaphylaxis can be fatal. Always carry an epinephrine auto-injector if you have a history, and ensure family and friends know how to use it.