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18 February 2025

Atherosclerosis: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

Atherosclerosis: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment
Author

Dr. Asif Ahmed Bin Moin

Author

Atherosclerosis (Artery Hardening) is a common cardiovascular condition where fat deposits gradually accumulate on the walls of arteries, causing them to harden and narrow. This restricts blood flow to the heart, brain, and other organs, increasing the risk of heart attacks, strokes, and other complications.

Causes of Atherosclerosis

  • High cholesterol: Excess LDL (bad cholesterol) leads to fat deposits in arteries.

  • High blood pressure: Damages artery walls and accelerates plaque buildup.

  • Smoking: Narrows arteries and increases the risk of blood clots.

  • Diabetes: Diabetic patients have a higher risk.

  • Family history: Genetic factors increase susceptibility.

  • Age: Risk rises with age.

  • Obesity: Increases blood pressure and cholesterol levels.

  • Sedentary lifestyle: Lack of exercise raises risk.

  • Unhealthy diet: High intake of fats, salts, and sugars contributes to artery hardening.

Symptoms of Atherosclerosis
Early stages may have no symptoms. Advanced narrowing can cause:

  • Chest pain: Reduced blood supply to the heart may cause discomfort or pressure.

  • Shortness of breath: During physical activity.

  • Dizziness: Reduced blood flow to the brain.

  • Leg pain: Pain while walking that eases with rest.

  • Vision problems: Reduced blood supply to the eyes may affect vision.

Treatment Options
Treatment depends on severity and may include:

  • Lifestyle modifications: Healthy diet, regular exercise, quitting smoking, and weight management to slow progression.

  • Medications: Drugs to lower blood pressure, cholesterol, and prevent blood clots.

  • Angioplasty: A small balloon opens the narrowed artery.

  • Bypass surgery: Creates a new pathway to bypass blocked arteries.

Prevention and Care

  • Maintain a healthy diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and fish; avoid excessive fats, salts, and sugars.

  • Exercise regularly, at least 150 minutes per week of moderate activity.

  • Quit smoking to reduce risk.

  • Maintain a healthy weight.

  • Monitor blood pressure and cholesterol regularly, especially if you have existing conditions.

Atherosclerosis is a serious condition. Early detection and proper medical guidance are crucial for preventing severe complications. Consult a cardiologist if you experience any warning signs.