Breast Cancer: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

What is Breast Cancer?

Breast cancer is an abnormal growth of cells in the breast. These cells can eventually spread to other parts of the breast and to other organs in the body.

Causes of Breast Cancer

The exact cause of breast cancer is not yet fully understood. However, there are some factors that can increase the risk of this cancer, such as:

• Age: Women over the age of 50 are at higher risk for breast cancer.

• Family History: If a family member has had breast cancer, the risk may increase.

• Genetic Factors: Changes in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes can increase the risk of breast cancer.

• Hormone Replacement Therapy after Menopause: Women undergoing this therapy may be at a higher risk for breast cancer.

• Body Weight: Being overweight can increase the risk of breast cancer.

• Alcohol Consumption: Excessive alcohol consumption can increase the risk of breast cancer.

• Lack of Physical Activity: Not engaging in regular physical activity can increase the risk of breast cancer.

Symptoms of Breast Cancer

The symptoms of breast cancer can vary from person to person and depend on the stage of the cancer. Commonly observed symptoms include:

• A lump or thickening in the breast

• Rash on the nipple or changes in the size or shape of the nipple

• Changes in the color or texture of the breast skin

• Abnormal discharge from the breast

• Changes in the size or shape of the breast

• Pain in the breast

• Swelling or a lump in the armpit

Diagnosis of Breast Cancer

To diagnose breast cancer, a doctor may perform various tests, such as:

• Clinical Breast Exam: The doctor will examine the breast for any abnormalities.

• Mammogram: An X-ray image of the breast is taken to check for any abnormalities.

• Ultrasound: Sound waves are used to examine the inside of the breast.

• Biopsy: A sample of breast tissue is taken and tested to confirm the presence of cancer cells.

Treatment for Breast Cancer

The treatment for breast cancer depends on the stage of the cancer, the type of cancer cells, and the patient's overall health. Commonly used treatment methods include:

• Surgery: Removal of the cancerous breast tissue or lymph nodes.

• Chemotherapy: Using chemicals to destroy cancer cells.

• Radiation Therapy: Using high-energy rays to destroy cancer cells.

• Hormone Therapy: Targeting hormones to stop the growth of cancer cells.

• Targeted Therapy: Using drugs that target specific parts of cancer cells.

Prevention of Breast Cancer

The exact cause of breast cancer is not fully known. However, a healthy lifestyle, not smoking, eating a balanced diet, and seeking regular medical advice can help reduce the risk of this cancer.