GERD(Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease): Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

GERD (Acid Reflux): Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) is a common digestive condition that occurs when stomach acid flows back into the esophagus. This acid irritates the lining of the esophagus, causing discomfort and a range of symptoms.

Why Does GERD Occur?
Several factors can contribute to GERD, including:

• Weakness of the lower esophageal sphincter, which normally prevents acid from flowing back

• Hiatal hernia, where part of the stomach pushes up through the diaphragm

• Consuming fatty, spicy, or acidic foods that increase acid production

• Smoking, which weakens the esophageal sphincter

• Excess body weight, adding pressure on the stomach

• Pregnancy, due to hormonal changes and abdominal pressure

Common Symptoms of GERD

• Burning sensation in the chest or throat (heartburn)

• Sour taste in the mouth (acid regurgitation)

• Difficulty swallowing or feeling like food is stuck

• Burping or food coming back up

• Chest discomfort after meals

• Coughing, breathing difficulty, or vomiting after eating

Treatment Options for GERD
GERD management depends on its severity and underlying causes. Most patients benefit from lifestyle adjustments and medications.

Lifestyle changes include:

• Eating smaller, frequent meals

• Avoiding lying down for at least an hour after meals

• Limiting fatty, spicy, or acidic foods

• Quitting smoking

• Reducing excess weight

Medications may include:

• Antacids to neutralize acid

• H2 receptor blockers to reduce acid production

• Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) to significantly lower stomach acid

When to See a Doctor
If you experience frequent or severe GERD symptoms, consult a gastroenterologist. Early medical advice helps prevent complications and ensures effective treatment.