Gestational Diabetes: Causes, Symptoms & Care

What is Gestational Diabetes?

Gestational diabetes is a condition where a woman develops high blood sugar (glucose) for the first time during pregnancy, usually in the second trimester.

Causes

During pregnancy, hormonal changes can reduce the effectiveness of insulin, a hormone that regulates blood sugar. This can lead to elevated glucose levels.

Who is at Risk?

• Pre-existing diabetes: Women with Type 2 diabetes are at higher risk.
• Family history: A family history of diabetes increases risk.
• Overweight: Excess weight raises the chance of gestational diabetes.
• Previous large baby: History of giving birth to a large baby increases risk.
• Other health conditions: High blood pressure or polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) can increase risk.

Symptoms

Many women may not experience symptoms, but possible signs include:

• Excessive thirst
• Frequent urination
• Blurred vision
• Slow healing of wounds
• Increased hunger
• Abnormal weight gain

Complications

Uncontrolled gestational diabetes can cause complications for both mother and baby:

• For the mother: High blood pressure, delivery complications, increased risk of developing diabetes later.
• For the baby: Large birth weight, delivery problems, low blood sugar after birth, higher risk of diabetes in the future.

Treatment

Proper management of gestational diabetes is essential:

• Diet: Eat healthy meals and limit sugary foods.
• Exercise: Regular walking, swimming, or other safe activities.
• Blood sugar monitoring: Regular blood sugar checks.
• Medication: Some cases require insulin or other medications.

Prevention

Maintaining a healthy lifestyle before and during pregnancy can help reduce the risk:

• Keep a healthy weight
• Exercise regularly
• Follow a balanced diet

Gestational diabetes is a serious condition. If you are pregnant, consult your doctor regularly and follow their guidance for optimal care.