Gestational Diabetes: Causes, Symptoms & Care

Understanding Gestational Diabetes
Gestational diabetes is a condition where a woman experiences high blood sugar (glucose) levels for the first time during pregnancy, usually in the second trimester.

Causes
During pregnancy, hormonal changes reduce the effectiveness of insulin, the hormone responsible for controlling blood sugar. This can result in elevated blood sugar levels.

Who is at Risk?

• Existing Diabetes: Women with pre-existing Type 2 diabetes.
• Family History: Women with a family history of diabetes.
• Overweight or Obese: Excess body weight increases risk.
• Previous Large Baby: Women who had a large baby in prior pregnancies.
• Other Conditions: High blood pressure or PCOS can increase risk.

Symptoms
Gestational diabetes may not always show symptoms, but possible signs include:

• Excessive thirst
• Frequent urination
• Blurred vision
• Slow-healing wounds
• Increased hunger
• Abnormal weight gain

Complications
If uncontrolled, gestational diabetes can affect both mother and baby:

• For Mother: High blood pressure, delivery complications, higher risk of diabetes after pregnancy.
• For Baby: Large birth weight, birth complications, low blood sugar after birth, increased future risk of diabetes.

Treatment & Management

• Diet: Healthy eating, reducing sugary foods.
• Exercise: Regular walking, swimming, or pregnancy-safe exercises.
• Blood Sugar Monitoring: Frequent blood sugar checks.
• Medication: Insulin or other medications if necessary.

Prevention
Maintaining a healthy lifestyle before pregnancy can help reduce risk:

• Maintain healthy weight
• Regular exercise
• Balanced diet
• Avoid smoking
• Control blood pressure
• Follow regular medical advice

Conclusion
Gestational diabetes is a serious condition. Pregnant women should consult their healthcare provider regularly and follow prescribed management strategies to ensure the health of both mother and baby.