Heart Valve Disease: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

Heart valves are essential structures in the heart that allow blood to flow in one direction and prevent backflow. When these valves fail to function properly, it leads to heart valve disease.

Types of Heart Valve Disease

• Stenosis: The valve becomes stiff, restricting normal blood flow.

• Regurgitation: The valve does not close properly, allowing blood to flow backward.

Causes of Heart Valve Disease

• Congenital defects: Some individuals are born with valve abnormalities.

• Rheumatic fever: This infection can damage the heart valves.

• Arterial stiffening: Hardening of arteries may affect valve function.

• Age: Risk increases with age.

• Infections: Bacterial infections in heart valves can cause disease.

• Connective tissue disorders: Conditions like lupus can damage valves.

Symptoms of Heart Valve Disease
Symptoms vary depending on the type, severity, and age of the patient. Some may remain asymptomatic. Common signs include:

• Chest pain during physical activity

• Shortness of breath while lying down or exercising

• Fatigue and easy tiredness

• Irregular heartbeat

• Swelling in the legs

• Occasional dizziness

Treatment of Heart Valve Disease
Treatment depends on the severity of the condition.

• Medication: In mild cases, medications may manage symptoms.

• Surgery: In severe cases, the damaged valve may be repaired or replaced through surgical procedures.

Complications
Without proper treatment, heart valve disease can lead to:

• Heart failure

• Stroke due to blood clots

• Sudden cardiac death

Preventive Measures

• Regular checkups: Especially if you have a family history or early symptoms.

• Healthy lifestyle: Balanced diet, regular exercise, and avoiding smoking help prevent valve disease.

• Medication adherence: Follow your doctor’s prescribed medications consistently.

Heart valve disease is a serious condition. If you notice any symptoms, consult a specialized cardiologist promptly for diagnosis and treatment.