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15 December 2024

Kidney Disease: Symptoms, Causes & Prevention

Kidney Disease: Symptoms, Causes & Prevention
Author

Dr. Tipu Kumar Das

Author

The kidneys are vital organs responsible for filtering blood, removing excess fluids and waste, and regulating blood pressure. Various factors can damage the kidneys, leading to kidney disease.

Symptoms of Kidney Disease
Early stages may show no symptoms. As the disease progresses, possible signs include:

  • Changes in urination such as increased or decreased volume, blood in urine, change in color (red, brown), foamy urine.

  • Swelling in eyes, legs, hands, or abdomen.

  • Persistent fatigue and weakness.

  • Loss of appetite and unexplained weight loss.

  • Metallic taste in the mouth.

  • Excessive hair loss.

  • Pale or dry, itchy skin.

  • Shortness of breath due to fluid retention in the lungs.

  • Headache related to high blood pressure.

  • Difficulty concentrating or memory problems.

Causes of Kidney Disease
Common causes include:

  • Diabetes: High blood sugar damages kidney function.

  • High Blood Pressure: Can harm kidney blood vessels.

  • Kidney Infections: Bacterial or viral infections damage kidney tissue.

  • Polycystic Kidney Disease: A genetic disorder causing cyst formation.

  • Kidney Stones: Solid mineral deposits causing blockages.

  • Autoimmune Diseases: Body’s immune system attacks kidney cells.

  • Side Effects of Certain Medications.

Treatment of Kidney Disease
Treatment depends on cause and severity. Some cases are controlled with medication, while others require dialysis or kidney transplantation.

Preventing Kidney Disease

  • Control blood sugar and blood pressure carefully.

  • Eat a healthy diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and low-fat dairy. Avoid excess salt, processed foods, and sugary items.

  • Drink at least 8 glasses of water daily.

  • Stop smoking, which harms kidney health.

  • Exercise regularly for overall well-being.

  • Have routine medical checkups, especially if you have diabetes or hypertension.

When to Consult a Doctor ?
If you experience any symptoms mentioned above, consult a nephrologist promptly.

Remember: Kidney disease often shows no early symptoms, so regular checkups and a healthy lifestyle are essential for prevention and early detection.