Osteoporosis: Causes, Symptoms & Prevention

Osteoporosis is a silent condition where bones become weak and fragile, increasing the risk of fractures. Early stages may show no symptoms, but broken bones can lead to pain, disability, and reduced quality of life.

Causes of Osteoporosis

• Age: Bone density decreases naturally with age.

• Gender: Postmenopausal women are at higher risk.

• Genetics: Family history of osteoporosis increases risk.

• Nutritional Deficiencies: Lack of calcium, vitamin D, and protein weakens bones.

• Lifestyle Factors: Smoking, excessive alcohol, and physical inactivity contribute to bone loss.

• Medical Conditions: Thyroid, kidney, liver diseases, or rheumatoid arthritis may cause osteoporosis.

• Medications: Long-term steroid use can increase risk.

Symptoms of Osteoporosis

• Back, hip, or other bone pain

• Loss of height over time

• Stooped posture

• Fractures from minor falls

Treatment Options

• Medications: Calcium and vitamin D supplements, bisphosphonates.

• Hormone Therapy: Postmenopausal women may benefit from hormone therapy.

• Physical Therapy: Weight-bearing exercises strengthen bones.

• Surgery: Required if fractures occur.

Prevention Strategies

• Healthy Diet: Foods rich in calcium and vitamin D, such as dairy, green vegetables, and fish.

• Regular Exercise: Weight-bearing activities and yoga strengthen bones.

• Avoid Smoking and Alcohol: Both weaken bone health.

• Regular Checkups: Consult doctors periodically for bone health monitoring.

Key Points

• Osteoporosis often shows no symptoms until fractures occur.

• Fractures can reduce quality of life.

• Osteoporosis is preventable and manageable through lifestyle changes and treatment.

• Seek medical advice if you are at risk or experience bone problems.