PCOS: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is a common hormonal disorder that affects the function of the ovaries in women. It occurs when the ovaries produce excess male hormones (androgens), leading to irregular menstrual cycles, acne, unwanted hair growth, and fertility challenges.

Causes of PCOS

The exact cause of PCOS is still not fully understood, but it is believed to result from a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Common contributing factors include:

• Insulin resistance: When the body’s cells don’t respond properly to insulin.
• Genetic factors: Women with a family history of PCOS are at higher risk.
• Excess androgens: Overproduction of male hormones by the ovaries and adrenal glands.
• Chronic inflammation: Long-term inflammation in the body may worsen PCOS symptoms.

Common Symptoms of PCOS

PCOS symptoms can vary from person to person. Common signs include:

• Irregular periods: Changes in menstrual cycle length or flow.
• Excess hair growth: Especially on the face, chest, or abdomen.
• Acne: Persistent acne on the face, back, or chest.
• Weight gain: Particularly around the abdomen.
• Ovarian cysts: Small cysts visible on ultrasound.
• Difficulty conceiving: Due to irregular ovulation.
• Mood changes: Anxiety, depression, or mood swings.

Managing PCOS

While there is no complete cure for PCOS, symptoms can be managed effectively through lifestyle changes and medical treatment.

Lifestyle Modifications:

• Weight management: Maintaining a healthy weight can reduce symptoms.
• Healthy diet: Focus on fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and avoid refined sugars and processed fats.
• Regular exercise: Engage in at least 150 minutes of moderate physical activity weekly.

Medical Treatment:

• Birth control pills: Help regulate menstrual cycles and reduce androgen levels.
• Metformin: Improves insulin sensitivity and helps regulate cycles.
• Anti-androgens: Used to reduce the effects of excess male hormones.

Important Notes

• PCOS is a complex condition; treatment should be personalized.
• Always consult your doctor before starting any medication.
• A balanced lifestyle plays a key role in long-term PCOS management.

Conclusion:
Though PCOS is a long-term condition, with proper treatment, healthy habits, and regular medical follow-ups, women can manage symptoms and improve their quality of life.