Poisoning & Drug Overdose: Causes and Care

Poisoning and drug overdose are serious medical emergencies that require immediate attention. They can occur accidentally, intentionally, or due to suicide attempts. Prompt and appropriate treatment is crucial to prevent life-threatening complications.

Types of Poisoning
Poisoning varies depending on the substance, quantity, and route of exposure:

• Drug overdose: Excessive intake of any medication can lead to poisoning.

• Chemical substances: Household cleaners, pesticides, and other chemicals can cause toxicity.

• Food poisoning: Certain foods, like mushrooms or contaminated fish, may be toxic.

• Heavy metals: Lead, mercury, and other metals can result in poisoning.

Antidotes
Antidotes are specific medicines used to counteract the effects of particular poisons. For example, N-acetylcysteine is used for acetaminophen overdose.

Complications from Drug Overdose
Overdose can damage various organs:

• Heart: Arrhythmia, heart failure

• Brain: Confusion, coma, death

• Kidneys: Impaired kidney function

• Liver: Liver damage

• Respiratory system: Difficulty breathing

Symptoms of Poisoning
Symptoms depend on the type and amount of the toxic substance, including:

• Vomiting

• Diarrhea

• Abdominal pain

• Dizziness

• Weakness

• Loss of consciousness

• Shortness of breath

Management of Poisoning
Effective management involves:

• Immediate medical care: Quick intervention improves survival chances.

• Identification of the poison: Determining the toxic substance.

• Removal of toxins: Inducing vomiting, gastric lavage, or hemodialysis.

• Administration of antidotes: As required for the specific poison.

• Supportive care: Managing breathing, blood pressure, and organ support.

Prevention

• Take medications only as prescribed.

• Keep medicines out of children’s reach.

• Store chemicals and pesticides safely.

• Ensure food safety and quality.

Remember: Poisoning can be life-threatening. If symptoms appear, seek immediate medical attention.