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12 December 2024

Understanding Spine Compression Fracture

Understanding Spine Compression Fracture
Author

Dr. Khaled Bin Islam

Author

A spine compression fracture is a common spinal injury that occurs when one or more vertebrae collapse or flatten. It often results from osteoporosis, which weakens the bones, making them more prone to fractures.

Causes of Spine Compression Fracture

  • Osteoporosis: The most frequent cause; weak bones can fracture even from minor stress or falls.

  • Injury or Trauma: Accidents, falls from height, or lifting heavy objects can lead to vertebral fractures.

  • Cancer: Certain cancers that spread to the spine can weaken bones.

  • Long-term Steroid Use: Prolonged use of steroids can contribute to bone loss.

Symptoms of Spine Compression Fracture

  • Sudden or severe back pain, especially when standing or walking

  • Gradual loss of height

  • Stooped posture or spinal deformity

  • Difficulty breathing if the fracture occurs near the chest area

Treatment Options
Treatment depends on the severity of the fracture and the patient’s overall health. Common approaches include:

  • Medication and Rest: Pain relievers, muscle relaxants, and sometimes steroid injections.

  • Back Brace or Corset: Provides spinal support and stability during healing.

  • Physiotherapy: Helps restore movement, strengthen muscles, and reduce pain.

  • Surgery: Severe cases may require surgical treatment such as vertebroplasty or kyphoplasty.

Vertebroplasty and Kyphoplasty

  • Vertebroplasty: A special bone cement is injected into the fractured vertebra to stabilize it.

  • Kyphoplasty: Similar to vertebroplasty, but involves inflating the collapsed vertebra to restore height before injecting cement.

Prevention of Spine Compression Fracture

  • Prevent Osteoporosis: Eat a balanced diet rich in calcium and vitamin D, and exercise regularly.

  • Fall Prevention: Modify your home to reduce fall risks.

  • Avoid Heavy Lifting: Minimize activities that strain the back.

When to See a Doctor
If you experience sudden or persistent back pain, reduced height, or posture changes, consult an orthopedic specialist promptly. Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent long-term complications.