Diabetes: Types, Symptoms, Causes & Management

What is Diabetes?

Diabetes is a chronic condition where the body cannot properly regulate the level of sugar (glucose) in the blood. Blood sugar, or glucose, is the body's primary source of energy. A hormone called insulin controls blood sugar levels. In diabetes, either the production of insulin is insufficient, or the body cannot use the insulin effectively.

Types of Diabetes

There are primarily two main types of diabetes:

• Type 1 Diabetes: In this type, the body cannot produce insulin. It usually begins in childhood or adolescence.

• Type 2 Diabetes: In this type, the body produces insulin but does not use it effectively (insulin resistance). It is commonly seen in older adults and is linked to lifestyle factors. However, nowadays, this type of diabetes is being seen at a younger age, primarily due to poor diet, irregular sleep habits, and obesity.

Symptoms of Diabetes

The symptoms of diabetes can vary from person to person and may appear gradually. Some common symptoms are:

• Excessive thirst

• Frequent urination

• Excessive hunger

• Sudden weight loss

• Fatigue

• Blurred vision

• Slow-healing wounds

• Tingling or numbness in the hands and feet

Causes of Diabetes

• Genetic Factors: A family history of diabetes is a major risk factor.

• Lifestyle Habits: Excess weight, lack of physical activity, unhealthy diet, and smoking increase the risk of diabetes.

• Age: The risk of diabetes increases with age.

• Other Conditions: Diseases like high blood pressure and high cholesterol can increase the risk of diabetes.

Complications of Diabetes

If diabetes is uncontrolled for a long time, various complications can arise, such as:

• Heart disease

• Stroke

• Kidney disease (Nephropathy)

• Nerve damage (Neuropathy)

• Eye problems (Retinopathy)

• Fatty liver disease

• Diabetic dermopathy (skin conditions)

• Recurring infections

Preventing Diabetes

While diabetes cannot be completely prevented, its risk can be reduced by making some lifestyle changes:

• Balanced Diet: Eat vegetables, fruits, and whole grains. Reduce sugar and fatty foods.

• Regular Exercise: Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise per week.

• Weight Control: Maintain a healthy weight.

• Quit Smoking: Smoking increases the risk of diabetes.

• Control Blood Pressure and Cholesterol: Get regular check-ups and take medication as advised by your doctor.

Treatment for Diabetes

Diabetes treatment varies from person to person. It generally includes:

• Lifestyle Modifications: Balanced diet, regular exercise, and weight control.

• Medication: Various types of medication are prescribed to control blood sugar levels.

• Insulin: Individuals with Type 1 Diabetes must be treated with insulin injections. For Type 2 Diabetes, insulin may be used if necessary.

Although diabetes is a chronic disease, it can be managed with proper treatment and lifestyle changes.

If you experience any symptoms of diabetes, be sure to consult a doctor.