Diabetes in Young People: A Growing Concern

Once thought to be a disease of adults, diabetes is increasingly affecting children, teenagers, and young adults around the world. The rising prevalence of both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes in younger age groups is a matter of serious public health concern. Understanding the causes, early warning signs, and management strategies are essential to protect the health and future of our younger generation.

Types of Diabetes in the Young

There are two main types of diabetes seen in younger individuals:

Type 1 Diabetes

This is an autoimmune condition in which the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas. As a result, the body produces little or no insulin, and lifelong insulin therapy becomes necessary.

Type 1 diabetes often appears suddenly and is not related to lifestyle or diet. It can develop at any age, but most commonly in childhood and adolescence. Fortunately, the evidence of this type is less in number.

Type 2 Diabetes

Once considered to be a disease of adults, Type 2 diabetes is now being increasingly diagnosed in teenagers and even children. This is largely due to changes in lifestyle — reduced physical activity, lack of sleep, increased screen time, and unhealthy eating habits.

In Type 2 diabetes, the body still produces insulin but cannot use it effectively — a condition called insulin resistance.

Warning Signs to Watch For

Recognizing diabetes early can make a major difference. Parents, teachers, and caregivers should be alert to the following symptoms:

• Increased thirst and frequent urination
• Unexplained weight loss despite normal or increased appetite
• Fatigue or irritability
• Blurred vision
• Slow-healing cuts or frequent infections
• Bedwetting in a previously dry child

In many cases, these symptoms are mistaken for routine illnesses, leading to delayed diagnosis. Early detection is critical to prevent complications such as diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in Type 1 diabetes or long-term organ damage in Type 2.

Why Are Young People at Risk?

The causes differ between Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes, but several factors play a role:

• Genetic Predisposition: A family history of diabetes increases the risk.
• Autoimmune Triggers: In Type 1 diabetes, viral infections or environmental factors may trigger immune reactions against insulin-producing cells.
• Lifestyle Factors: In Type 2 diabetes, sedentary lifestyle, obesity, high-calorie diets, and excess screen time are major contributors.
• Urbanization and Stress: Irregular routines, poor sleep, and unusual stress may further increase risk in adolescents.

Living with Diabetes

A diagnosis of diabetes in childhood or adolescence can be emotionally challenging for both the patient and family. However, with proper management, young people with diabetes can lead full, active, and healthy lives.

Key aspects of care include:

Regular Physical Activity: Exercise improves insulin sensitivity and overall well-being.

• Healthy, Balanced Diet: Focus on whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and limited sugary foods.
• Regular Blood Sugar Monitoring
• Insulin or Medication as Prescribed
• Emotional Support: Counseling and diabetes education help build confidence and reduce anxiety.

Schools and communities also play an important role in supporting young people with diabetes by creating awareness and providing a supportive environment.

Preventing Type 2 Diabetes in Youth

While Type 1 diabetes cannot be prevented, Type 2 diabetes often can.

Small, consistent lifestyle choices make a big difference:

• Encourage outdoor play and daily exercise
• Limit sugary snacks and processed foods
• Reduce screen time and promote healthy sleep routines
• Schedule regular health check-ups for children at risk

Early intervention in childhood can prevent the onset of diabetes and its long-term complications.

The Way Forward

Diabetes in young people is a growing reality, but it doesn’t have to define their future. Through awareness, timely diagnosis, and supportive care, we can empower young individuals to live confidently with diabetes — or prevent it altogether. Parents, educators, and healthcare providers must work together to nurture a generation that is not only aware but also resilient in managing their health.

Author:

Dr. Ahsanul Haq Amin

Senior Consultant  

Diabetology & Endocrinology Department

Evercare Hospital Dhaka