Understanding Diabetes: Common Symptoms You Shouldn’t Ignore

Diabetes is one of the most common chronic health conditions worldwide, affecting millions of people every year. It occurs when the body cannot properly regulate blood sugar (glucose) levels due to problems with insulin production or utilization. Recognizing the early symptoms of diabetes is crucial because timely diagnosis and treatment can prevent serious complications such as heart disease, kidney failure, vision loss, and nerve damage.

What Causes Diabetes?

Diabetes develops when the body either does not produce enough insulin (Type 1 Diabetes) or becomes resistant to insulin (Type 2 Diabetes). Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that helps glucose from food enter cells to be used for energy. When insulin doesn’t function properly, glucose builds up in the blood, leading to high blood sugar levels.

Common Symptoms of Diabetes

Frequent Urination (Polyuria):

One of the earliest signs of diabetes is urinating more often than usual, especially at night. When blood sugar levels are too high, the kidneys try to remove the excess glucose by filtering it out through urine.

Excessive Thirst (Polydipsia):

Because of frequent urination, the body loses more water, leading to dehydration. This triggers intense thirst and a constant need to drink fluids.

Unexplained Weight Loss:

Even when eating normally or more than usual, people with diabetes may lose weight suddenly. This happens because the body cannot effectively use glucose for energy and starts breaking down fat and muscle instead.

Extreme Fatigue:

When cells don’t get enough glucose, the body lacks energy. This leads to constant tiredness, weakness, and a feeling of exhaustion even after adequate rest.

Blurred Vision:

High blood sugar can cause swelling in the lenses of the eyes, leading to blurred or distorted vision. If left untreated, it can eventually result in diabetic retinopathy and even blindness.

Slow Healing of Wounds:

High blood sugar levels affect blood flow and nerve function, slowing down the healing process of cuts, bruises, or infections.

Frequent Infections:

People with diabetes are more prone to skin infections, urinary tract infections (UTIs), and gum diseases due to a weakened immune system and high glucose levels that encourage bacterial growth.

Tingling or Numbness in Hands and Feet:

Known as diabetic neuropathy, this occurs due to nerve damage caused by prolonged high blood sugar. It often starts with a tingling or burning sensation in the extremities.

When to See a Doctor

If you experience any of these symptoms, it’s essential to consult a doctor and get your blood sugar tested. Early detection can make diabetes manageable through lifestyle changes, medication, and regular monitoring.

Diabetes is a lifelong condition, but with awareness and proper management, it is possible to lead a healthy and active life. Recognizing the symptoms early and seeking medical advice promptly can make all the difference in preventing complications and improving overall well-being.

Author

Prof. Dr. Abdul Mannan Sarker

Senior Consultant & Coordinator

Diabetology & Endocrinology

Evercare Hospital Dhaka.