Why Does a Stroke Occur? Symptoms, Causes, and Effective Prevention Tips

A stroke is one of the leading causes of disability and death worldwide. It occurs when the blood supply to part of the brain is interrupted or reduced, depriving brain tissue of oxygen and nutrients. Within minutes, brain cells begin to die, making immediate medical attention essential. Understanding why a stroke happens, how to recognize its warning signs, and what can be done to prevent it can save lives.

Why Does a Stroke Occur?

A stroke occurs due to problems with blood flow to the brain. There are two main types of stroke — ischemic and hemorrhagic.

Ischemic Stroke:

The most common type, accounting for about 80–85% of cases. It happens when a blood clot blocks or narrows an artery leading to the brain.

Hemorrhagic Stroke:

This type occurs when a weakened blood vessel ruptures and bleeds into or around the brain, often caused by uncontrolled high blood pressure or aneurysms.

Common risk factors include:

• High blood pressure
• Diabetes
• High cholesterol
• Smoking and alcohol abuse
• Heart disease
• Obesity and inactivity
• Family history and aging

What Are the Symptoms of a Stroke?

Early recognition of stroke symptoms is crucial. Doctors recommend remembering FAST:

• F – Face Drooping: Uneven smile or facial numbness
• A – Arm Weakness: One arm drift downward
• S – Speech Difficulty: Slurred or strange speech
• T – Time to Call for Help: Seek medical attention immediately

Other symptoms include sudden numbness, vision problems, dizziness, or a severe headache with no known cause. Remember — every minute counts.

How to Prevent a Stroke:

Up to 80% of strokes are preventable with healthy habits and medical care.

• Control Blood Pressure: Monitor and manage your blood pressure regularly. Reduce salt intake and manage stress.
• Manage Diabetes & Cholesterol: Follow a balanced diet and take prescribed medications to keep these under control.
• Quit Smoking & Limit Alcohol: Both increase the risk of stroke significantly.
• Exercise Regularly: At least 30 minutes of moderate activity five days a week keeps the heart and blood vessels healthy.
• Eat Healthy: Consume fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and fish rich in omega-3 fatty acids.
• Monitor Heart Health: Conditions like atrial fibrillation need medical management to prevent clot formation.
• Manage Stress & Sleep: Adequate sleep and relaxation reduce blood pressure and promote brain health.

A stroke can strike suddenly, but awareness and preventive care can make a world of difference. By recognizing early symptoms and living a healthy lifestyle, you can reduce your risk significantly. Remember, stroke prevention starts with you — act FAST and live smart.

Author:

Prof. Dr. Anwar Israil

Senior Consultant

Neurology

Evercare Hospital Dhaka